1.Spin Electron Many spectral lines which actually consists of two separate grs (fine structure), eg the transition between...

Gamma and x-rays belong to a group of electromagnetic radiation. Unlike radio waves and visible light, gamma and...

Beta particle is a subatomic particle that was thrown from an unstable atomic nucleus – a beta. Particle...

Alpha particles (named after and denoted by the first letter of the Greek alphabet, α) => positively charged...

There are some that have long half-life time (several hours or even days). Intiinti excited as these are...

1. Transient equilibrium (Transient Equilibrium) – Lamda1 <Lamda2: mean age of the parent element instead of child elements...

The position of electrons in atoms can be explained by the wave function of Schrödinger equation (Y). Completion...